Motorcycle Expert Witnesses

The SEAK Expert Witness Directory contains a comprehensive list of motorcycle expert witnesses who testify, consult and provide litigation support on motorcycle and related issues. Motorcycle expert witnesses and consultants on this page may form expert opinions, draft expert witness reports, and provide expert witness testimony at deposition and trial. The issues and subjects these motorcycle expert witnesses testify regarding may include: Motorcycle, Bicycle, Human Factors, Pedestrian, Accident Reconstruction, Crash Data Retrieval, Fire, Premises Liability, Side By Side, Slip Trip & Fall, Atv, Automotive, Biomechanics, Collision Analysis, and Construction.

Use the search box above to further refine your search for motorcycle expert witnesses by keyword and state. Attorneys contact the experts directly – with no middleman.

Frank S Will, PhD

Ino8

Alabama
Automotive, Motorcycle - Engine, Motor, Defect, Damage, Failure, Exhaust, Emission, Carbon, Monoxide, NOx, Lemon, Measure, Defeat Device, Computer, Control, Software, Calibration, Tuning, Performance, Power
Dr. Will is a technology leader with 30+ years of experience in research, development, operations, and administration, in both academia and manufacturing industry. He holds over 30 patents and is the author or co-author of 24 articles in refereed technical journals and technical conferences, and multiple standards contributions. He was the invited key-note speaker at several conferences. He has significant expert witness experience in vehicle defects and emissions fraud across 4 continents. 100% of his non-pending cases resulted in a win or a very favourable settlement for his clients. In 2016 he prepared an analysis for a defendant to save multi-billions of dollars. In 2018, he was the lead expert witness in a case that resulted in a $120M settlement for his plaintiff clients only 4 weeks after his report about the defendants’ expert report was handed down; His reports in another case resulted in a landmark judgement for clients worth up to $2B. A further client saved millions of...

Timothy C Behrens, PE, DFE, CFI, CFEI, CVFI

Charles Taylor Engineering Technical Services

Phoenix, Arizona
Mechanical Engineering, Failure Analysis - Accident Reconstruction, Automotive Engineering, Fire, Explosions, Plumbing, Premises Liability, Slip-Trip & Fall, Bicycle, Motorcycle, Products Liability, Transportation, Recreational Vehicles, Heavy Equipment, Industrial Equipment & Machinery, HVAC
Mr. Behrens has 40 years of experience in mechanical engineering, with the last 36 years primarily devoted to failure analysis and forensic engineering. His forensic engineering practice is diverse and has included conducting over a thousand engineering investigations involving a wide range of fires, explosions, accidents, and product failures. Mr. Behrens has conducted hundreds of full-scale vehicle crash, fire and component-level tests, which has provided a practical basis for his extensive knowledge and expertise in the analysis of automotive fires, failures and accidents. Mr. Behrens also has expertise in fire and failure analysis involving appliances, plumbing systems, fire sprinkler systems, HVAC, and commercial/industrial equipment. Mr. Behrens is a Certified Fire Investigator (CFI) and Certified Vehicle Fire Investigator (CVFI) by the International Association of Arson Investigators (IAAI) and a Certified Fire and Explosion Investigator (CFEI) by the National Associat...

Bill Miko

Harley-Davidson, Indian, Victory, choppers, Trikes

American Motorcycle Forensics

Scottsdale, Arizona
Motorcycle, Products Liability - American Motorcycles, Motorcycle Braking and Stopping, Motorcycle Maneuverability, Motorcycle Movements and Inputs, Motorcycle Reconstruction, Motorcycle Speed, Motorcycle Safety, Motorcycle Properties and Characteristics, Repair Fraud, Motorcycle Tire Defect, O.E.M vs. Aftermarket Parts, Training
A certified expert in all aspects of motorcycle operation including Chassis Service, Electrical Diagnostics, Fuel Injection, Powertrain, Motorcycle Operation and Function. Pre-impact and Post-impact Velocities Vehicle Trajectory Cause Analysis Lamp Analysis Human Factors Motorcycle Inspection Component Failure Determination Motorcycle Handleability Testing and Analysis Motorcycle Safety Motorcycle Tire Defect Litigation Repair Fraud O.E.M vs. Aftermarket Parts Training

Daniel McLain

DHM Crash Consulting & Accident Reconstruction Services, LLC.

Norco, California
Accident Reconstruction, Law Enf & Criminal Justice - Seat Belts, Airbags, Restraint Systems, Collision Analysis, Accident Causation, Crash Data Retrieval, Black Box, EDR, CDR Report Analysis, Tesla, Vehicle Inspection, Motorcycle, Pedestrian, Drone, Collision Reconstruction, Traffic Accident Reconstruction, Traffic Enforcement Strategy, Traffic Safety
A traffic collision reconstructionist accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Traffic Accident Reconstruction (ACTAR), a sUAV (drone) pilot licensed by the Federal Aviation Administration, and have completed the accident reconstruction certificate program by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). With over 27 years in law enforcement, I have extensive experience with on-scene collision investigations ranging from minor fender-benders to multi-fatal collisions. I have investigated and assisted in the prosecution of hit-and-run collisions, DUI collisions, insurance fraud, vehicular manslaughter, and vehicular murder cases. Recognized as a subject matter expert in both criminal and civil courts for my knowledge of accident reconstruction, accident investigation, and general traffic enforcement. I have over a thousand hours of training in accident reconstruction including but not limited to forensic mapping, pedestrian collisions, motorcycle collisions, emergency vehicle c...

Joseph Quinn, M.S., P.E.

Materials FACT

Los Angeles, California
Failure Analysis, Metallurgy - Automobile, Aviation & Aerospace, Motorcycle, Appliance, Engineering, Construction, Construction Defects, Corrosion, Maritime, Equipment & Machinery, Mining, Bicycles, Transportation, Medical Devices, Manufacturing, Plumbing, Products Liability, Fire, Electricity, Pipe
Joseph Quinn, MS, PE, is a Forensic Metallurgy and Metallurgical Engineering consultant. He is a Licensed Professional Engineer in Metallurgical Engineering and is registered in 7 states (CA, PA, UT, NV, AZ, CO, WA). He has provided over 1,000 Failure Analysis investigations on metallic and non-metallic (glass, plastic, rubber, and composite) materials or products. Mr. Quinn provides metallurgical and materials consultation, expert witness testimony, and forensic failure analysis for civil litigation with retentions by defendants and plaintiffs. He has received awards in the International Metallographic Contest and has conducted several presentations on metallurgical engineering and failure analysis subjects at universities, ASM meetings, and industry events. He is President of the National Society of Professional Engineers in California (NSPE-CA) and is active in several technical societies. He has taught metallurgical engineering course topics in Principals and Applications of ...

Ronald D Schapf, PE

Mechanical Engineer, ATV, Theme Park, Heavy Equip.

ER3 Engineering

Santa Monica, California
Mechanical Engineering, Motorcycle - ATV, specialty machinery, hydraulic brakes, drive train, zip line brakes, Quads, construction machinery, suspensions, steering, accidents, off road vehicle, side by side, off road tires, theme park ride, utility vehicle, on road vehicle, recreational vehicle, vehicle dynamics, themed show equipment
Degreed mechanical engineer with 30+ years of continuous design experience. Licensed P.E. in CA and NV Extensive experience with: ATV and side by side suspension design, calibration and testing. ATV and side by side steering and brake system and component design and testing. ATV and side by side drive train design and testing. On road truck suspension design. Specialty equipment design. Theme Park Ride design experience Theme Park Ride 3rd party review experience with significant finds. Theme Park Show Equipment design. Zip Line Brake system design. Extensive knowledge of materials, finishes, manufacturing methods. Experienced in stress analysis and rigid body dynamics analysis. Experienced in structural carbon fiber design and analysis.

Shakir R Shatnawi, PhD, PE

Shatec Engineering Consultants

El Dorado Hills, California
Traffic Engineering, Construction Defects - Highway design, hydroplaning, walkways, parking, pavement design, traffic safety, asphalt, concrete, soil, maintenance, roadway defects, traffic control, pedestrian, bicycle, motorcycle, vehicle accidents, ADA, work zone safety, trip&fall accidents, MUTCD
Dr. Shakir Shatnawi is a licensed professional engineer with over 30 years of professional engineering experience as follow: 2010-Present: President /Shatec Engineering Consultants, LLC, El Dorado Hills, CA, California 1991-2010: From Transportation Engineer to Division Chief (progressive promotions)/California Department of Transportation (Caltrans): D-10 (Stockton), District 4 (Oakland), and Headquarters (Sacramento), California. 1993-1999: Adjunct Professor/California State University, Sacramento, California. 1997-1999: Adjunct Professor/National University, Sacramento, California 1989-1990: Research Fellow/Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), McLean, Virginia. Dr. Shakir Shatnawi is an expert witness related to the following : • Highway Engineering, Transportation Engineering & Parking design • Pavement standards, construction, maintenance and repairs • Construction defects, failures, specifications, & disputes • Traffic Enginee...

Frank S Will, PhD

Ino8

Los Gatos , California
Automotive, Motorcycle - Engine, Motor, Defect, Damage, Failure, Exhaust, Emission, Carbon, Monoxide, NOx, Lemon, Measure, Defeat Device, Computer, Control, Software, Calibration, Tuning, Performance, Power
Dr. Will is a technology leader with 30+ years of experience in research, development, operations, and administration, in both academia and manufacturing industry. He holds over 30 patents and is the author or co-author of 24 articles in refereed technical journals and technical conferences, and multiple standards contributions. He was the invited key-note speaker at several conferences. He has significant expert witness experience in vehicle defects and emissions fraud across 4 continents. 100% of his non-pending cases resulted in a win or a very favourable settlement for his clients. In 2016 he prepared an analysis for a defendant to save multi-billions of dollars. In 2018, he was the lead expert witness in a case that resulted in a $120M settlement for his plaintiff clients only 4 weeks after his report about the defendants’ expert report was handed down; His reports in another case resulted in a landmark judgement for clients worth up to $2B. A further client saved millions of...

Kristopher J. Seluga, M.S., PE

Technology Associates, LLC

Stratford, Connecticut
Accident Reconstruction, Products Liability - Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics, Automotive, Construction, Engineering, Failure Analysis, Forensic Science, Golf Carts, Human Factors, Motorcycle, Premises Liability, Safety, Slip Trip & Fall
Our staff of experienced engineers are ready to apply established scientific and engineering knowledge and techniques to your case. Our staff has published hundreds of papers, served on national ANSI standards committees and assisted over 2,600 attorneys and insurance agents settle or try their cases. Because the laws of physics and principles of engineering are universal, we are able to investigate and opine on a wide range of topics including motor vehicle crashes, heavy machinery, consumer products, construction sites, falls and biomechanical analyses. In each case, we assist our clients by determining, in as much detail as possible, how and why an accident occurred and communicating those finding in a clear and concise manner.

Bradley T Cook, PE, MSE, CXLT

Kimley-Horn

Sarasota, Florida
Accident Reconstruction, Biomedical Engineering - Auto Accident, Accident Reconstruction, Biomedical, Biomechanical, Collision Analysis, Crash Data Retrieval, Human Factors, Motorcycle, Occupational Safety, Premises Liability, Product Liability, Slip Trip & Fall
Bradley is a Biomedical and Mechanical engineer with extensive experience in accident reconstruction. Bradley is a licensed professional engineer (PE) in Michigan and Florida. He specializes in vehicular accident reconstruction and has investigated hundreds of vehicle accidents involving cars, trucks, pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcycles, etc. The investigations have involved issues of nighttime visibility, downloading of crash data (black box data), reaction time, and blind spots. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan and a Masters of Science in Engineering with a concentration in Biomedical from Purdue University. Bradley has co-authored a chapter in Forensic Human Factors and Ergonomics: Case Studies and Analysis and Occupational Health and Safety Management in the Handbook of Human Factors & Ergonomics. He is also currently a committee member of the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standards Technical Panel (STP) 2201: Engi...

John D Lloyd, PhD, CPE, ACTAR

San Antonio, Florida
Motorcycle, Accident Reconstruction - human factors, biomechanics, accident reconstruction, motorcycle accident, motorcycle crash, motorcycle riding, motorcycle handling, motorcycle inspection, motorcycle testing, bicycle, e-bike, scooter, car crash auto accident, brain injury, head injury, TBI, helmet, helmet testing, motorcycle helmet
John Lloyd, PhD, CPE, ACTAR is a distinguished authority in motorcycle accident reconstruction, injury biomechanics and human factors, with 30+ of testifying experience. As a motorcyclist with more than 40 years of riding and advanced training, his understanding of the dynamics involved in motorcycle crashes sets him apart as a true specialist in the field. Dr. Lloyd has been qualified to provide biomechanical analyses of various incidents, including: . Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction - Motorcycle riding . Injury Biomechanics . Human Factors . Motorcycle handling and operation . Motorcycle inspection and testing . Motorcycle helmets . Biomechanics of Head and Brain Injury . Football and sports helmets . Automobile accidents . Truck accidents Dr. Lloyd earned a Ph.D. in Ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering) with a specialization in biomechanics from Loughborough University in England. He has been board certified through the Board of Certification in Professional Ergonomics sinc...

Joseph Manges

Accident Reconstruction

Capture My Crash, LLC

Tampa, Florida
Accident Reconstruction, Trucking - Accident Investigation, Rapid Response, Commercial Vehicle Collisions, Crash Data Retrieval, EDR Downloads, Human Factors, Motorcycle, Pedestrian, Bicyclist, Electric scooters, Simulations, Animations, Infotainment Downloads, ECM Downloads, Nighttime Visibility, Drone pilot, Damage Consistency Evals
Joe is an accident reconstructionist delivering meticulous and comprehensive collision analysis and reconstruction services catering to both passenger and commercial vehicles. Employing state-of-the-art data acquisition systems and advanced analysis tools, I adeptly collect and decipher pivotal data sourced from the scene, EDR black boxes, and other relevant sources. This data enables me to reconstruct the events leading up to the collision with a high level of accuracy and provide a scientifically supported analysis to assist with determining liability and contributory factors. I have investigated and reconstructed hundreds of crashes involving cars, trucks, pedestrians, bicyclists, electric scooters, motorcycles, etc. over the past 20+ years.

Dominic K Schreiber

Shiny Side Up Motorcycle Training, LLC

Cape Coral, Florida
Motorcycle - rider training, fatigue, dehydration, target fixing, handling, roadway hazards, motorcycle properties and characteristics, motorcycle speed, movements and impacts, motorcycle steering and recovery, motorcycle braking and stopping, characteristics of a motorcycle and motorcycle maneuverability
Mr. Schreiber provides expert testimony/consultation regarding the safe operation of motorcycles. Mr. Schreiber is the owner/operator of Shiny Side Up Motorcycle Training, LLC. He has personally trained more than 600 motorcycle riders of all skill levels who ride all street motorcycle types. As a former motorcycle enforcement officer, collision investigator, and motorcycle enforcement team supervisor; Mr. Schreiber has extensive, unmatched training and experience relating to the topic of motorcycle operation and safety. Mr. Schreiber has testified at deposition and trial where he expressed opinions related to fatigue, dehydration, target fixing, motorcycle handling, roadway hazards, motorcycle properties and characteristics, motorcycle speed, movements and impacts; motorcycle steering and recovery; motorcycle braking and stopping; characteristics of a motorcycle and motorcycle maneuverability.

Gary Gustafson

UTV, ATV and ROV expert with 30 years experience

G-Force Consulting Inc

Clear Lake, Minnesota
Motorcycle, Failure Analysis - Accident Reconstruction, All Terrain Vehicle, UTV/ATV, Side by Side, Electrical Engineer, Throttle Design, Dealership, Snowmobile, Power Steering, Consultant, Fire, Electronics, Accessory, Rollover, Polaris, Ranger, Speed Sensor, Root Cause Analysis, Trade Practices, Patent
32 years with an exceptionally broad and deep range of experience with ATVs, UTVs, Side-by-Sides, snowmobiles and motorcycles including: Off-road vehicle product failure and root cause analysis, accident reconstruction, CAN bus diagnostics, product design, dealership vs OEM vs consumer liability, intellectual property development, vehicle diagnostics, market research in vehicles, accessories, components, technology and accessories for global brands and startups. 11 years of employment at Polaris working on the Ranger UTV and Sportsman ATV platforms. A founding contributor to the Polaris Development Process. One of the original inventors of the Ride Command and Active Descent Control systems as well as making contributions to electronics at Yamaha, BRP and Arctic Cat. Consulting and Expert Witness defense clients have included Mahindra, Robert Bosch Corp, Textron, Arctic Cat, General Dynamics, Johnson Controls and Yamaha. Plaintiff experience in many power steering, unintended accel...

Eric R. Anderson

Motorcycle, Powersports, Offroad Forensics Expert

Motorcycle Forensics Expert (.com)

Carson City, Nevada
Transportation, Motorcycle - Human factors, street use of motorcycles, motorcycle racing, motocross racing, trail riding, dirt bikes, adventure motorcycling and enduro riding, UTVs/ATVs, Vehicle Inspection, Motorcycle Safety Foundation employee/Rider Coach, certified Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle Association Coach, off-road
As a powersports businessman, protective helmet/apparel manufacturer and rider for more than 50 years, Eric Anderson has built a vast base of knowledge related to motorcycles, ATVs, UTVs and off-road vehicles. He has been an MSF certified Rider coach as well as a ROHVA certified Driver Coach. He began working with the Motorcycle Industry Council (MIC) and Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF) in the early 1980s before entering the business side of powersports building and marketing protective apparel and helmets. Later in the 2000s, he became an elected Board member to the MIC 10 times for a total of 20 years of experience directing the industry from the highest levels. Founding Scorpion Sports with its associated ScorpionExo brand of helmets and protective apparel was an industry success story touted by trade magazines and thousands of dealers who recognized the disruptive marketing, unique distribution channel and price viability of the fast-growing brand. Later as Vice-President Sal...

Robert Bennett

Accident Reconstruction Expert - ACTAR #2897

Endwell, New York
Accident Reconstruction, Motorcycle - Crash Data Retrieval, Commercial Motor Vehicle Accidents, Motorcycle Crashes, 3D Mapping, Damage Profile Analysis, Crash Diagramming, Pedestrian/Bicycle Crash Investigation, Forensic Mapping, Failure Analysis, WinCrash, Expert Witness Testimony, Expert Witness Reports
Robert Bennett is an ACTAR-accredited accident reconstruction expert with over 26 years of experience in traffic collision investigations. He specializes in Passenger Vehicle, Pedestrian & Bicycle Crash investigations, Crash Data Retrieval, Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) Accidents, Forensic Mapping, Motorcycle Crashes, 3D Mapping, and more. With over 23 years of law enforcement experience with the New York State Police and the Chautauqua County Sheriff’s Office, Robert brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to his work as an expert witness. His background includes 18 years as an accident reconstructionist, serving as the Unit Coordinator for the New York State Police, Troop C Collision Reconstruction Unit for 10 years. He has investigated thousands of cases and has testified numerous times as an expert witness in both civil and criminal cases. Robert has completed over 2000 hours of additional training in Accident Reconstruction.

Kristopher J. Seluga, M.S., PE

Technology Associates, LLC

New York
Accident Reconstruction, Products Liability - Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics, Automotive, Construction, Engineering, Failure Analysis, Forensic Science, Golf Carts, Human Factors, Motorcycle, Premises Liability, Safety, Slip Trip & Fall
Our staff of experienced engineers are ready to apply established scientific and engineering knowledge and techniques to your case. Our staff has published hundreds of papers, served on national ANSI standards committees and assisted over 2,600 attorneys and insurance agents settle or try their cases. Because the laws of physics and principles of engineering are universal, we are able to investigate and opine on a wide range of topics including motor vehicle crashes, heavy machinery, consumer products, construction sites, falls and biomechanical analyses. In each case, we assist our clients by determining, in as much detail as possible, how and why an accident occurred and communicating those finding in a clear and concise manner.

Larry W. Busby, ACTAR #2885

Primary Investigations

Austin, Texas
Accident Reconstruction - ACTAR, Automotive, Pedestrian, Commercial Vehicle, Motorcycle, Event Data Recorder Retrieval/Analysis, 3D Animation, Bicycle, Crush Analysis, Speed Determination, Time/Distance Analysis, Accident Site Mapping
Larry W. Busby is the owner and manager of Primary Investigations, a private investigation firm (TX #A17699), established in 2012. Larry was certified by the Accreditation Commission for Traffic Accident Reconstruction in 2015 and has extensive training, from the Northwestern Center for Public Safety, the Institute of Police Technology and Management, the University of Tulsa in the reconstruction of automobile, pedestrian, bicycle and commercial vehicle accidents. Larry is a member of several professional organizations including TAARS, IATAI, NAPARS, TALI, CALI, and FALI and is certified in Bosch event data recorder retrieval and analysis. Primary Investigations can produce high quality 3D animations based on laser scan data from the accident scene depicting the accident, sight obstructions and other features unique to the accident. Additionally, as the owner of Delta Land Surveying and as a Registered Professional Land Surveyor licensed in NM, TX, CO and OK Larry is uniquely qu...

Jim Amundsen

Value & Loss of Use Experts, RV's, Boats & Exotics

Automotive Consulting Group inc, Autodispute.com

Seattle, Washington
Automotive, Motorcycle - Pre/Post Purchase Inspections, Vehicle Misrepresentation, Insurance Valuation Rebuttle, Diminished Value, Total Loss, Loss Of Use, Complex Appraisal Solutions, Automobile/Dealership/Auction Industry Standards & Practices, Innovative Valuation Software, Pre/Post Accident Valuations, Sales Practices
Automotive Consulting Group Inc. offers premium automotive pre purchase inspection services and throughout Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California and Arizona. We specialize in comprehensive professional appraisals and inspections of all types of vehicles, including late model Cars, RV's, Recreational Vehicles, Personal Watercraft, Boat's, Classic and Collector Automobiles, Exotic & Luxury High End Vehicles, Muscle Car, Street Rod, Motorcycle, UTV, ATV, Golf Cart, Side by Side, Semi & Commercial Vehicles, Apprasial & Vehicle Valuation, Lifted and Lowered Trucks. Specializing in dealer standards and practices including Lemon Law, Appraisal Clause, SIU research, transportation practices, Canadian, importing and auto auction procedures in both the USA and Canada. ACG also specializes in complex dealership consignment fraud issues including duplicate title, unpaid leinholder/consumer issues as well as asset verification, Merchantability Law, Vehicle Identification numbers or VIN #'s and d...

David C Wells, ACTAR # 1912

The ACES Inc

Edmonds, Washington
Accident Reconstruction - criminal cases, motorcycle, pedestrian, vehicle vs vehicle, crash data retrieval using Bosch CDR system, crash data retrieval for Hyundai, Kia and Tesla
Former President of WATAI - Washington Association of Technical Accident Investigators (ten years) ACTAR accredited #1912 32 years in Accident Reconstruction Over 950 on scene collision investigations while with the King County Sheriff's Office More than 3500 collisions analyzed I have testified about 70 times in the past 4 years

Curtis M Beloy, PE

Forensic Engineer- Accidents, Defects, and Video

Forensic/ Vehicle Engineers

Madison, Wisconsin
Accident Reconstruction, Products Liability - motorcycle, ATV, UTV, side by side, video analysis, snowmobile, watercraft, scooter, motorcycle dynamics, electric mobility, motocross track, motorcycle safety, bicycle, electric motorcycle, Off-road safety, surveillance video, dashcam, mechanical defect, vehicle design, video enhancement
Curtis Beloy PE is a full-time forensic engineering consultant with 20+ years experience. He analyzes incidents involving all types of vehicles and mechanical equipment- including cars, motorcycles, bicycles, trucks, and off-highway vehicles. He uses state-of-the-art technology to document evidence and produces descriptive engineering reports with rendered graphics and animations. Mr. Beloy's engineering career spans R&D in the automotive industry, accident analysis at multidisciplinary forensic engineering firms, and vehicle design evaluations for major motorcycle and ATV manufacturers. He has researched vehicle stability, controls, electronic aids, engine and drivetrain failures, and overall vehicle design. He has consulted manufacturers on product design and the US Border Patrol on ATV safety. He is a former expert off-road motorcycle racer with more than 25 years of experience with vehicle repairs and tuning. Mr. Beloy's research includes forensic analysis of video systems and...
You can also find Motorcycle Expert Witnesses in:
Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin